Do you find yourself nodding along but not really understanding what people are saying? Not to worry — here are all the data-related terms you need to know. As we gradually move or are dragged kicking and screaming into Industry 4.
Much like we taught our parents how to use Facebook, so too must you teach yourself about encryption, cloud computing and the internet of things. But where do you start? How do you tell your algorithms from your zip drives?
How do you begin to wade through the mass of data terminology that is available at the click of a button? This refers to the vast amounts of structured and unstructured data that can come from a myriad of sources. This is content that can be freely accessed, used, edited and distributed anywhere, by anyone, at any time. The Open Definition was introduced in and promotes the spirit of interoperability, where no technical or legal barriers to this data exist. As the name suggests, this is a digital repository where businesses store their data.
Data warehousing is the process of this storage, which is used in everyday applications such as booking flights and withdrawing cash from an ATM. A subset of the data warehouse, this is a store of data used by a particular group within a company, such as the sales team. In contrast to a central archive, data marts target a specific need or purpose. Data virtualisation is the management of such data.
Companies can mine the information gathered from raw data and analyse it to better inform future business decisions. If this seems like jargon to you, a simple example lies in supermarkets, where information is garnered from customer loyalty cards to define a target market for future products. This is a facility containing a large number of networked computers used for storing, processing and distributing large amounts of data.
It houses IT equipment such as servers, routers and firewalls, as well as necessary infrastructure for the building such as power supplies, backup generators and ventilation systems. As the focal point of critical IT operations, data centres are the beating heart of a business. The use of maths, statistics and computer programming to discover relevant patterns in recorded information. Application program interface — a set of instructions on how to access and build web-based software applications.
Artificial intelligence — the creation of computing machines that can simulate human intelligence. A company that offers telecommunication services , such as Vodafone or BT. The provision of proper ventilation to ensure data equipment and processes remain at the optimum temperature. A strategic plan that enables a business to retain or resume critical functions after a negative incident has occurred, such as a cyberattack. A distributed denial-of-service attack is the flooding of a website with traffic, potentially causing it to crash or shut down.
The conversion of data into code to prevent unauthorised access. This practice has made the news in recent months, due to recent WhatsApp policies. Giga is derived from the Greek for giant, which is apt as it equals 1bn bytes of computer data storage. A gigabit has 1bn bits of information, usually used in describing telecoms technology. General Data Protection Regulation — a European Commission privacy regulation that will come into effect on 25 May , imposing harsher penalties for non-compliance with data protection standards.
A free Java-based program under the Apache software library that allows for the processing of large data sets across a distributed computer network. Standing for Internet Protocol, this is a number assigned to a piece of hardware, such as a computer, which identifies the sender or receiver of online information.
The internet of things is the interconnected system of computer devices; everyday objects that transfer data via the internet. The industrial internet of things IIoT is the use of this technology in the manufacturing industry. A popular programming language used by developers to create web content and smartphone applications. It works when a device aims to transmit a data object or file to one or multiple recipient devices. The digital data comes from the source device in the form of digital bitstreams.
These data streams are positioned over a communication medium for transmission to the destination device. An outward signal can either be a baseband or a passband. Aside from external communication, data transmission may be done internally, between different parts of the same device. The sending of data to a processor from the random access memory RAM or hard disk is a form of data transmission. There are two types of serial transmission — synchronous and asynchronous.
Both of these transmission methods use bit synchronisation.
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